Lineamientos para el cuidado de la salud mental: dirigido a proveedores de salud. Pandemia COVID-19 / Mental Health Care Guidelines: For Health Providers. COVID-19 pandemic

El documento refleja la preocupación del MSPAS respecto a las necesidades psicológicas ante la gravedad de la pandemia, del personal de salud de todo el país. Da cuenta de que en algunos casos trabajan con los mínimos recursos personales para poder afrontar los retos del trabajo, así como otras circunstancias que les pueden generar estrés, soledad, inseguridad, etc. Por ello emite una serie de recomendaciones para apoyarlos. El documento en sí refleja los estados anímicos de los trabajadores de salud, especialmente en el personal de primera línea de atención a pacientes comprometidos con coronavirus. El objetivo es: fortalecer a proveedores de salud de recursos internos y estrategias de afrontamiento, para la mitigación de trastornos mentales en los proveedores de salud que atienden la pandemia de COVID ­ 19.

Relacionamentos familiares de pessoas com transtornos mentais: processos de exclusão e inclusão social / Family relationships of people with mental health problems: processes of social exclusion and inclusion / Relaciones familiares de personas con trastornos mentales: procesos de exclusión e inclusión social

Objetivos: identificar e analisar os processos de exclusão e inclusão social que acontecem na família da pessoa com transtorno mental. Método: utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa como metodologia de pesquisa. Os sujeitos desta investigação foram 17 usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial, da cidade de São Paulo, e 12 pessoas de sua rede social. Para a coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e, para apuração dos dados, foi utilizada a análise do discurso. Resultados: identificou-se que a exclusão social dos usuários na família pode ocorrer pela ruptura e distanciamento ou de uma maneira mais sutil. Porém, na medida em que os usuários são valorizados e encontraram um papel na família, se estabelecem relações de troca e de ajuda mútua. Conclusão: os relacionamentos se constroem em um processo dialético, passando por conflitos e situações de reciprocidade

Objectives: to identify and to analyze the processes of social exclusion and inclusion that happen in the family of the person with mental disorder. Method: qualitative approach was used as a research methodology. Subjects of this investigation were 17 users of a Psychosocial Care Center, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in addition to 12 people from their social networks. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were realizes and, for data analysis, it was the discourse analysis technique. Results: Social exclusion of users of a Psychosocial Care Center in the family can occur due to social disruption and distance, or in a more subtle way. However, to the extent that users are valued and find a role in the family, relationships of exchange and mutual help are established. Conclusion: relationships are developed in a dialectical process, going through conflicts and situations of reciprocity, with the family being the main social inclusion network of these people.

Objetivos: identificar y analizar los procesos de exclusión e inclusión social que ocurren en la familia de la persona con trastorno mental. Método:se utilizó el enfoque cualitativo como metodología de investigación. Las personas de esta investigación fueron 17 usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial, en la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil, además de 12 personas de sus redes sociales. Para la recopilación de datos, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y, para el análisis de datos, fue la técnica de análisis del discurso. Resultados: la exclusión social de los usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial en la familia puede ocurrir debido a la interrupción social y la distancia, o de una manera más sutil. Sin embargo, en la medida en que los usuarios sean valorados y encuentren un papel en la familia, se establecen relaciones de intercambio y ayuda mutua. Conclusión: las relaciones se desarrollan en un proceso dialéctico, pasando por conflictos y situaciones de reciprocidad, siendo la familia la principal red de inclusión social de estas personas.

Preventive effects of Topiramate on methylphenidate induced behavioral disorders / Efectos preventivos de topiramato en los trastornos del comportamiento inducidos por metilfenidato

Neuronal cell damage is often caused by prolonged misuse of Methylphenidate (MPH). Topiramate (TPM) carries neuroprotective properties but its assumed mechanism remains unclear. The present study evaluates in vivo role of various doses of TPM and its mechanism against MPH-induced motor activity and related behavior disorder. Thus, we used domoic acid (DOM), bicuculline (BIC), Ketamine (KET), Yohimibine (YOH) and Haloperidole (HAL) as AMPA/kainite, GABAA, NMDA, ɑ2 adrenergic and D2 of dopamine receptor antagonists respectively. Open Field Test (OFT), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Forced Swim Test (FST) were used to study motor activity, anxiety and depression level. TPM (100 and 120 mg/kg) reduced MPH-induced rise and inhibited MPH-induced promotion in motor activity disturbance, anxiety and depression. Pretreatment of animals with KET, HAL, YOH and BIC inhibited TPM- improves anxiety and depression through the interacting with Dopaminergic, GABAA, NMDA and ɑ2-adrenergic receptors.

El daño a las células neuronales a menudo es causado por el uso prolongado de metilfenidato (MPH). El topiramato (TPM) tiene propiedades neuroprotectoras, pero su mecanismo de acción no es claro. El presente estudio evalúa el papel in vivo de varias dosis de TPM y su mecanismo contra la actividad motora inducida por MPH y el trastorno de comportamiento relacionado. Utilizamos ácido domoico (DOM), bicuculina (BIC), ketamina (KET), yohimbina (YOH) y haloperidol (HAL), así como antagonistas AMPA/kainato, GABAA, NMDA, ɑ2-adrenérgico y D2 dopaminérgicos, respectivamente. Se utilizaron las pruebas de campo abierto (OFT), elevación de laberinto (EPM) y natación forzada (FST) para estudiar la actividad motora, la ansiedad y el nivel de depresión. El TPM (100 y 120 mg/kg) redujo el aumento inducido por MPH e inhibió la promoción inducida por MPH en la alteración de la actividad motora, la ansiedad y la depresión. El tratamiento previo de animales con KET, HAL, YOH y BIC inhibió el TPM, mejora la ansiedad y la depresión a través de la interacción con los receptores dopaminérgicos, GABAA, NMDA y ɑ2-adrenérgico.

Effects of psychological problems on surgical outcomes

SUMMARY Surgeons are becoming aware that surgical outcomes are not only based on technical skills. The impact of psychological problems on outcomes must be studied from both the patient's and the health care provider's viewpoint. Psychological problems may affect up to 20% of the population, with almost half of them non-treated. Surgeons have to deal with a significant number of patients with psychological problems, which affect surgical outcomes changing how symptoms, results and side effects are interpreted. Surgeons also face psychological problems at a significant rate. Although there are no studies on the effect of chronic psychological problems of the surgeon on outcomes, in simulated scenarios, acute stress usually leads to worse performance. Some initiatives can be implemented to improve outcomes based on the effect of psychological problems.

RESUMO Os cirurgiões atuais cada vez mais acreditam que o bom resultado das cirurgias não são frutos exclusivos de suas habilidades técnicas. O impacto dos fatores psicológicos nos resultados das cirurgias deve ser estudado do ponto de vista tanto dos pacientes quanto dos profissionais de saúde que os assistem. Os problemas psicológicos afetam mais de 20% da população em geral, sendo que metade destes não recebe qualquer tratamento específico. Assim, os cirurgiões tratam de números cada vez mais significativos de pacientes com problemas psicológicos. Esses problemas psicológicos afetam o resultado, na medida em que alteram a percepção e interpretação dos sintomas, resultados e efeitos colaterais dos procedimentos. Por outro lado, os próprios cirurgiões têm apresentado taxas crescentes de afecções psicológicas. Embora não existam estudos que demonstrem o impacto dos problemas psicológicos crônicos dos cirurgiões na evolução dos pacientes, em cenários simulados, observa-se que o estresse agudo desencadeia um desempenho pior desses profissionais. Concluímos, dessa maneira, que medidas direcionadas à detecção e tratamento dos problemas psicológicos, tanto dos pacientes quanto da equipe de saúde, devam ser implementadas visando melhores resultados cirúrgicos.

Exposição ao aleitamento materno e transtornos mentais comuns na adolescência / Exposure to breastfeeding and common mental disorders in adolescence / Exposición a la lactancia materna y trastornos mentales comunes en la adolescencia

Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da exposição e do tempo de exposição ao aleitamento materno na ocorrência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros. Este trabalho analisou dados do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA), avaliando aqueles que tiveram o questionário referente ao aleitamento materno respondido pelos pais ou responsáveis. A presença de TMC foi identificada pelo General Health Questionnaire, versão 12 itens (GHQ-12), considerando-se dois pontos de corte (escores ≥ 3 e ≥ 5). As associações foram testadas em análises bivariadas e por meio de modelos de regressão logística múltipla, com ajustes por variáveis potenciais de confusão. Dentre os 41.723 adolescentes avaliados, a maioria foi composta por estudantes do sexo feminino (54,6%), que tinham idades entre 12 e 15 anos (71%), estudavam em escolas públicas (83,1%), residiam na Região Sudeste (51,9%) e eram das classes econômicas B (53,8%) e C (34,1%). Cerca de metade das mães dos adolescentes não tinha o ensino médio completo (51,7%). O grupo de adolescentes com mais de seis meses de aleitamento materno (51,8%) apresentou uma menor prevalência de TMC para os dois pontos de corte do GHQ-12 avaliados, quando comparado com o grupo que não recebeu aleitamento materno ou que o recebeu por período ≤ 1 mês (RI = 0,82; IC95%:0,69-0,97 e RI = 0,74; IC95%: 0,59-0,91 para 3 e 5 pontos, respectivamente). O aleitamento materno prolongado parece desempenhar um papel protetor para a ocorrência de TMC na adolescência.

Abstract: This article sought to evaluate the effect of exposure, and exposure time, to breastfeeding on the occurrence of common mental disorders (CMD) among Brazilian adolescents enrolled in school. This study analyzed data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA), evaluating those whose questionnaire regarding breastfeeding had been filled out by parents or guardians. The presence of CMD was identified using the General Health Questionnaire, version 12 items (GHQ-12), and we considered two cutoff points (scores ≥ 3 and ≥ 5). We tested the associations in bivariate analyses and through multiple logistical regression models, adjusting for potential confounding variables. Of the 41,723 adolescents we evaluated, most were students of the female sex (54.6%), aged between 12 and 15 years (71%), attended public schools (83.1%), resided in the Southeastern region (51.9%) and belonged to the economic classes B (53.8%) and C (34.1%). Around half of the adolescents' mothers had not completed their secondary education (51.7%). The group of adolescents who were breastfed for more than six months (51.8%) had a lower CMD prevalence for both GHQ-12 cutoff points, when compared with the group who were not breastfed or who were breastfed for ≤ 1 month (IR = 0.82; 95%CI: 0.69-0.97 and IR = 0.74; 95%CI: 0.59-0.91 for 3 and 5 points, respectively). Prolonged breastfeeding seems to play a protective role on the occurrence of CMD in adolescence.

Resumen: El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la exposición y del tiempo de exposición a la lactancia materna en la ocurrencia de trastornos mentales comunes (TMC) entre adolescentes escolares brasileñas. Este trabajo analizó datos del Estudio de Riesgos Cardiovasculares en Adolescentes (ERICA), evaluando aquellos, cuyo cuestionario -referente a la lactancia materna- había sido respondido por los padres o responsables legales. La presencia de TMC fue identificada por el General Health Questionnaire, versión 12 ítems (GHQ-12), considerándose dos puntos de corte (puntuaciones ≥ 3 y ≥ 5). Las asociaciones fueron probadas en análisis bivariados, y a través de modelos de regresión logística múltiple, con ajustes por variables potenciales de confusión. Entre los 41.723 adolescentes evaluados, la mayoría estuvo compuesta por estudiantes que eran del sexo femenino (54,6%), que tenían una edad entre 12 y 15 años (71%), estudiaban en escuelas públicas (83,1%), residían en la región Sudeste (51,9%) y eran de las clases económicas B (53,8%) y C (34,1%). Cerca de la mitad de las madres de los adolescentes no contaba con la enseñanza media completa (51,7%). El grupo de adolescentes con más de seis meses de lactancia materna (51,8%) presentó una menor prevalencia de TMC para los dos puntos de corte del GHQ-12 evaluados, cuando se comparan con el grupo que no recibió lactancia materna o que la recibió durante un período ≤ 1 mes (RI = 0,82; IC95%: 0,69-0,97 y RI = 0,74 y IC95%: 0,59-0,91 para 3 y 5 puntos, respectivamente). La lactancia materna prolongada parece desempeñar un papel protector para la ocurrencia de TMC en la adolescencia.

Competência Cultural no Matriciamento em Saúde Mental / Cultural Competence in Mental Health Collaborative Care

O Matriciamento ou cuidado colaborativo, adotado no Brasil e defendido pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), permite a detecção precoce dos transtornos mentais, o tratamento e a continuidade de cuidado na comunidade. Incorporar um olhar sobre a cultura pode ser útil para lidar com os desafios suscitados nos encontros clínicos. Pretendeu-se, então, observar se e como a diversidade cultural e as configurações culturais específicas dos serviços e de suas comunidades são reconhecidas como impasses e/ou potencialidades ao planejamento terapêutico negociado entre profissionais de saúde da família e matriciadores de saúde mental. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa, entrevistando-se profissionais de saúde da família e matriciadores, por meio de entrevistas episódicas, analisadas segundo referencial da Análise do Discurso. Embora os profissionais percebam os condicionantes socioculturais relacionados aos casos clínicos e às interações com usuários, comunidade e entre profissionais, a noção de competência cultural se mostrou insuficiente para uma compreensão ampliada e crítica da diversidade cultural, demonstrando a necessidade de estimular o debate em torno da dimensão sociocultural, a partir das particularidades das reformas sanitária e psiquiátrica brasileiras

The collaborative care, adopted in Brazil, and defended by the World Health Organization (WHO) allows the early detection of mental disorders, treatment and continuity of care in the community. Incorporating a culture outlook can be helpful in dealing with the challenges raised in clinical encounters. It was then sought to observe if and how cultural diversity, materialized by the specific cultural configurations of services and their communities are recognized as obstacles and / or potentialities for the therapeutic planning negotiated between family health professionals and mental health supporters. For that, a qualitative research was conducted, interviewing family health professionals and mental health supporters through episodic interviews, analyzed according to the discourse analysis framework. Although professionals observe sociocultural determinants related to clinical cases and interactions with users, community and professionals, the notion of cultural competence has proved insufficient for a broad and critical understanding of cultural diversity, demonstrating the need to stimulate the debate around of the socio-cultural dimension, considering the particularities of the Brazilian sanitary and psychiatric reforms

Separación o divorcio de los padres: consecuencias en los hijos y recomendaciones a los padres y pediatras / Parents separation or divorce: potential effects on children and recommendations to parents and pediatricians

El divorcio o separación de una pareja con hijos pone fin a la convivencia de ambos padres en con junto con sus hijos. Puede haber múltiples causas para un divorcio y tanto la literatura como la ex periencia de los autores trabajando con familias en esta situación, dan cuenta de algunas consecuen cias a corto y largo plazo para los niños, especialmente en aquellos casos en que el divorcio ha sido conflictivo. En estos casos, se ha observado mayor riesgo de presentar trastornos de conducta, bajo rendimiento escolar y abuso de sustancias. Por otra parte puede tener consecuencias en la vida adulta, presentando mayor riesgo de patologías psiquiátricas o dificultades en las relaciones interpersonales si no se realiza una intervención que aborde algunas situaciones potencialmente traumáticas para los niños. Los pediatras se encuentran en una relación privilegiada con respecto a los niños y sus familias para detectar signos de discordia parental y alteración de la salud mental infantil. Las conductas que se manifiesten en los niños a consecuencia del divorcio y el conflicto parental van a depender de la edad y etapa de desarrollo del niño, siendo importante reconocerlas para poder intervenir de forma adecuada. El presente artículo propone directrices para guiar a los padres, ya que con un adecuado manejo de las situaciones de conflicto que ocurren alrededor del divorcio es posible prevenir algunas de las consecuencias que éste puede tener en los hijos.

When divorce or separation of a couple occurs, children will no longer live with both parents at the same time. There may be multiple causes for divorce, and both literature and our own experien ce as child mental health providers, report some short- and long-term consequences for children, especially where the divorce has been conflictive. In these cases, increased risk of developing be havioral disorders, poor school performance, and substance abuse has been documented as well as consequences in adult life with higher risk of psychiatric pathologies or difficulties in interpersonal relationships, if an intervention that addresses some potentially traumatic situations for children is not done. Pediatricians are in a privileged relationship with children and their families in order to detect signs of parental discord and altered mental health in children. Children behaviors as a result of divorce and parental conflict will depend on the age of the child and stage of development, and it is important to recognize them in order to intervene properly. This article proposes some guidelines for parents. Good management of high conflict situations related to divorce may prevent some of the consequences that these can have on children.

Precision Medicine: Changing the way we think about healthcare

Health care has changed since the decline in mortality caused by infectious diseases as well as chronic and non-contagious diseases, with a direct impact on the cost of public health and individual health care. We must now transition from traditional reactive medicine based on symptoms, diagnosis and treatment to a system that targets the disease before it occurs and, if it cannot be avoided, treats the disease in a personalized manner. Precision Medicine is that new way of thinking about medicine. In this paper, we performed a thorough review of the literature to present an updated review on the subject, discussing the impact of the use of genetics and genomics in the care process as well as medical education, clinical research and ethical issues. The Precision Medicine model is expanded upon in this article to include its principles of prediction, prevention, personalization and participation. Finally, we discuss Precision Medicine in various specialty fields and how it has been implemented in developing countries and its effects on public health and medical education.

Breastfeeding and behavior disorders among children and adolescents: a systematic review

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This systematic review study aimed to assess the evidence available for the association between breastfeeding and behavior disorders in childhood and adolescence. METHODS The search was carried out in the PubMed, Lilacs, and PsycINFO databases up to December 2016. Inclusion criteria were as follows: prospective, retrospective and cross-sectional studies assessing the association between breastfeeding and behavior disorders in childhood or adolescence, using psychometric tests, carried out in humans and published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. The search was performed in several stages by two independent researchers using pre-established criteria. RESULTS Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Breastfeeding for a period equal to or higher than three or four months seemed to be inversely associated with total behavior and conduct disorders in childhood; however, the association remains unclear for other behavior disorders. Only four studies assessed behavior disorders in adolescence, and when an association was found, it was likely to be positive. The duration of breastfeeding seemed to be more important than the exclusive or non-exclusive pattern of breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS Breastfed children for at least three to four months had fewer total behavior and conduct disorders in childhood. Further studies are needed to better understand this association, particularly in adolescence and involving other behavioral profiles.

Trastornos de salud mental y terapias deportivas. Revisión narrativa / Mental health disorders and sports therapy. Narrative review

Los trastornos de salud mental poseen un origen multifactorial; según cifras de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, estos afectan aproximadamente a unos 450 millones de personas y al 10% de la población mundial adulta. Entre otros factores, también puede afectar la economía y el producto nacional bruto entre un 3 y 4%. Esta revisión se planteó como objetivo determinar la eficacia de los efectos asociados a la actividad física y al deporte como factor protector de enfermedades de salud mental. En Chile, los trastornos de salud mental fueron los causantes del 8,9% de las muertes el año 2009. Estos trastornos principalmente se han asociado al abuso del consumo de alcohol y drogas; el consumo de marihuana en la población adolescente representa un 13,5% y en la población adulta, un 33%. Actualmente se considera que la práctica regular de actividad física y deporte es un factor protector, ante diversos trastornos de salud mental, como anorexia, depresión, distemia, estabilidad emocional, entre otros, debido a que, es bien sabido, que el deporte ayuda a mejor los estados de ánimo asociados, estrés, ansiedad y depresión. Chile ha incluido entre sus políticas 2011 ­ 2020 el aumento de la actividad física en la población, considerando el alto índice de sedentarismo, y además, como un método preventivo de diversas patologías de salud mental. Esta revisión concluye la existencia de evidencia positiva con relación al uso de la actividad física y el deporte como factor de protección de enfermedades de salud mental.

Mental health disorders have a multifactorial origin, according to figures from the World Health Organization these affect approximately 450 million people and 10% of the adult world population.Being able to affect the economy and the gross national product between 3 and 4%. The aim of this review was to determine the efficacy of the effects associated with physical activity and sports as a protective factor for mental health illnesses. In Chile, mental health disorders were the cause of 8.9% of deaths in 2009. These disorders have been mainly associated with the abuse of alcohol and drugs, showing marijuana use in the adolescent population 13.5 % and 33% in the adult population. Currently has been raised to the regular practice of physical activity and sport asa protective factor against various mental health disorders such as anorexia, depression, dystemia, emotional stability among others, because it is well known that sport helps improve the states of associated mood, stress, anxiety and depression. Chile has included among its policies 2011-2020 the increase of physical activity in the population considering the high rate of sedentary lifestyle, as well as preventive method of various pathologies of mental health. This review concludes the existence of positive evidence regarding the use of physical activity and sport as a protective factor for mental health illnesses.

La importancia de los grupos de adultos mayores para el mejoramiento de las relaciones interpersonales / The importance of older groups for improving interpersonal relationships

En este ensayo se presenta un panorama general desde la experiencia de un grupo de interés de estudiantes del programa de psicología de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, trabajo desarrollado con un grupo de socialización de mujeres adultas mayores en el barrio Nueva Villa de la Iguaná de Medellín y la importancia en estas dinámicas para el mejoramiento de las relaciones interpersonales, las cuales permiten en esta etapa del ciclo vital fortalecer su rol en diferentes contextos de los cuales en algunas ocasiones se desdibuja al adulto mayor y por medio de esta experiencia evidenciar la importancia de construir, visibilizar al adulto mayor en la comunidad y conocer la realidad de sus contextos; de esta manera ampliar el rol del adulto mayor en la interacción con la comunidad.

This essay presents an overview of the experience of a student interest group of the psychology program of the Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, a work developed with a group of socialization of older adult women in the Nueva Villa de la Iguana district of Medellin And the importance in these dynamics for the improvement of the interpersonal relations, which allow in this stage of the life cycle to strengthen its role in different contexts of which in some occasions the elder is blurred and through this experience to demonstrate the importance of Construct, visualize the elderly in the community and know the reality of their contexts; Thus expanding the role of the elderly in the interaction with the community.

Salud mental en Chile y Finlandia: desafíos y lecciones / Mental health in Chile and Finland: challenges and lessons

This article analyses and compares the epidemiology of mental disorders and relevant public policies in Chile and Finland. In Chile, a specific mental health law is still lacking. While both countries highlight the role of primary care, Finland places more emphasis on participation and recovery of service users. Comprehensive mental health policies from Finland, such as a successful suicide prevention program, are presented. Both countries have similar prevalence of mental disorders, high alcohol consumption and high suicide rates. In Chile, the percentage of total disease burden due to psychiatric disorders is 13% and in Finland 14%. However, the resources to address these issues are very different. Finland spends 4.5% of its health budget on mental health, while in Chile the percentage is 2.2%. This results in differences in human resources and service provision. Finland has five times more psychiatric outpatient visits, four times more psychiatrists, triple antidepressant use and twice more clinical guidelines for different psychiatric conditions. In conclusion, both countries have similar challenges but differing realities. This may help to identify gaps and potential solutions for public health challenges in Chile. Finland’s experience demonstrates the importance of political will and long-term vision in the construction of mental health policies.

Prevención e intervenciones tempranas en salud mental: una perspectiva internacional / Prevention and early interventions in mental health: an international perspective / Prevenção e intervenções precoces em saúde mental: uma perspectiva internacional

Las enfermedades mentales son comunes, crónicas y discapacitantes, y representan un problema de salud pública importante en nuestro país y en todo el mundo. Para las enfermedades mentales más comunes, disponemos actualmente de intervenciones médicas y psicosociales con eficacia probada. Sin embargo, estas aún son insuficientes, y su disponibilidad no se condice con la alta morbilidad y mortalidad que encontramos para las enfermedades mentales. En respuesta a esto, en los últimos 15 años se ha realizado un esfuerzo considerable para desarrollar técnicas de detección temprana, para personas con alto riesgo clínico de desarrollo de enfermedad mental, e intervenciones precoces para prevenir o retrasar la progresión a la enfermedad completa. Un mayor énfasis en la salud mental y la integración de la atención a la salud mental en todos los programas de desarrollo pertinentes, fortalecerán el esfuerzo general de desarrollo, así como garantizará, por primera vez, la atención sostenida de la inversión y la investigación al principal contribuyente mundial de la pérdida de productividad y carga de enfermedad.

Mental diseases are common, chronic and disabling, representing a problem in public health of importance in our country and in the world. For most common mental diseases, currently we dispose of medical and psycho social interventions with proven efficacy. Nevertheless, these are not sufficient yet, and their availability does not diminish the morbidity and mortality produced by mental diseases. In order to solve this, a considerable effort has been carried out in the last 15 years to develop techniques of early detection for persons with high clinical risk to develop mental illness and precocious interventions to prevent or delay the progression of full illness. A greater emphasis in mental health and integrating mental health care in all relevant development programs will strengthen the general development effort, as well as it will ensure, for the first time, sustained attention to investment and research to the main world contributor to loss of productivity and disease burden.

As enfermidades mentais são comuns, crônicas e descapacitantes, e representam um problema de saúde pública importante em nosso país e em todo o mundo. Para as enfermidades mentais mais comuns dispomos atualmente de intervenções médicas e psicossociais com eficácia comprovada. Entretanto, estas ainda são insuficientes, e sua disponibilidade não condiz com a alta morbidade e mortalidade que encontramos para as enfermidades mentais. Em resposta a isto, nos últimos 15 anos foi realizado um esforço considerável para desenvolver técnicas de detecção precoce para pessoas com alto risco clínico de desenvolvimento de enfermidade mental, e intervenções precoces para prevenir ou atrasar a progressão da enfermidade completa. Uma maior ênfase na saúde mental e a integração da atenção à saúde mental em todos os programas de desenvolvimento pertinentes, fortalecerão o esforço geral de desenvolvimento, assim como garantirá, pela primeira vez, a atenção sustentada no investimento e na pesquisa do principal contribuinte mundial da perda de produtividade e carga de enfermidade.